Fungi are elfin organisms that don't call on sunlight to survive. Some fungi have gainful uses, measurement others cause illness added to make tracks. Nail fungal infections are typically caused by a fungus go wool-gathering belongs to a group be advisable for fungi called dermatophytes. But yeasts and molds on top of everything else duff loathe obligated of nail fungal infections.
All of these microscopic organisms live in warm, moist environments, including swimming pools and showers. They can invade your skin through tiny invisible cuts or through a small separation between your nail and nail bed. They cause problems only if your nails are continually exposed to warmth and moisture, conditions perfect for the growth and spread of fungi.
Infection with nail fungus occurs more in toenails than in fingernails because toenails are often confined in a dark, warm, moist environment inside your shoes, where fungi can thrive. Another reason may be the diminished blood circulation to the toes as compared with the fingers, which makes it harder for your body's immune system to detect and eliminate the infection.
Nail fungus is more common among older adults for several reasons, including diminished blood circulation and more years of exposure to fungi. Also, nails may grow more slowly and thicken with age, making them more susceptible to infection. Nail fungus tends to affect men more often than it does women, particularly those with a family history of this infection.
You may have a nail fungal infection. Infected nails also may separate from the nail bed, a condition called onycholysis. You may feel pain in your toes or fingertips and detect a slightly foul odor. Nail fungal infections can be painful and may cause permanent damage to your nails. They may lead to other serious infections that can spread beyond your feet if you have a suppressed immune system due to medication, diabetes or other conditions.
Fungal infections of the nail pose the most serious health risk for people with diabetes and for those with weakened immune systems, such as people with leukemia, AIDS or those who've had an organ transplant. If you have diabetes, your blood circulation and nerve supply to your feet can become impaired. Any relatively minor injury to your feet can lead to a more serious complication, requiring timely medical care.
You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. However, in some cases when you call to set up an appointment, you may be referred immediately to either a dermatologist or podiatrist. To make the most of your time with your doctor, it's a good idea to prepare for your appointment. In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to ask questions during your appointment at any time that you don't understand.
Your doctor will examine your nails first. To test for the fungi, your doctor may scrape some debris from under your nail for analysis. The debris can be examined under a microscope or cultured in a lab to identify what's causing the infection. Other conditions, such as psoriasis, can mimic a fungal infection of the nail. Microorganisms, including yeast and bacteria, also can infect nails. Knowing the cause of your infection helps determine the best course of treatment.
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